03.+Developing+Oral+Skills

**How we learn a language**

Some essential theories:
 * Chomsky's theory
 * Bruner's theory
 * Crystal's theory

__**Chomsky's theory **__

Chomsky stated that children are born with an innate knowledge of language when they are born and learning of their native language is at high speed when hearing it from others. This links to children overrgularising and putting grammar into utterences when they are not needed. Chomsky is one of the most famous theorists on child language acquisition, but becase his theories were based on his own intuitions about English and not actually studied on real children, many theorists find flaws within his theories and statements. Chomsky created the LAD- language acquisition device:
 * 1) Baby already knows about linguistic rules, as they are born with an innate knowledge of language.
 * 2) The baby hears examples of his/ her native language
 * 3) The linguistic rules help the baby make estimations and presumptions about the language it is hearing.
 * 4) From these estimations and presumption the baby works out grammatical sets of rules. As more language is heard the grammar becomes more and more like adults.

__**Bruner's theory**__

As a way of respoonding to Chomsky's LAD learning system. Bruner theorised the lanuage acquisition support system (LASS) Bruner states through lass that parents often use books and images to develop their childs naming abilities and their ability to get involved in conversation. (LASS)
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 140%;">Gaining attention- drawing the babies attention to a picture
 * 2) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">Query- asking the baby to identify the picture
 * 3) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">Label- telling the baby what the object is
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 140%;">Feedback- responding to the babies utterances

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 140%; line-height: 27px;">**__Crystal's theory__**

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 140%;">Crystal caretaker speech theory is based in the distinctive speech used by those who are taking care of others. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 140%;">First adults have to make sure that children realize a speech is being addressed to them. To do this we use a name, a special tone of voice, or even get their attention by touching them. Once we have the children’s attention, we must choose the right words and the right sentences to make the children easily understand us.Second, adults often use exclamation to get children’s attention, such as //look//! or //Hey//! as a preface to each utterance. Both names and exclamations may be repeated at intervals to make sure that the children are still listening. Even we often repeat what we have just said to hold the children’s attention.Finally, adults use modulations in order to distinguish speech addressed to young children from the speech addressed to other listeners (adults). One of the most noticeable modulations is the high pitch voice. Another modulation is whispering, when the children are sitting on their laps or just next to them, adults will speak directly into their ears.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 140%;">Our task (Group 4): Pancake day song
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px;">Our resources:
 * media type="file" key="30 Pancake day.mp3" width="240" height="20"
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;">[[file:pancake day.pdf]]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 140%;">Our work
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;">[[file:Pancake day discourse analisis.doc]]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 140%;">[[file:Template.1.doc]]